Wednesday, 18 November 2020

SCHOLAR: THE SUBJECT OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH


America is a place of justice, rule of law, democracy and liberty.  On December 15, 1791, the U.S. Congress ratified the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution[1].  Of particular interest is Amendment I.  This amendment is the foundation by which free speech would be handled in the USA.  The USA has the most laxed free speech laws of any country.  This Amendment states that Congress shall not, “abridge the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people to peacefully to assemble, and to petition[2].”  This means that what is termed, “hate speech,” here in Canada is essentially not permissible under the current laws of the United States of America.  Although in the USA free speech is granted, there are exceptions which are not protected such as fighting words, obscenity, libel/ slander, perjury, threats, violation of copyright etc.[3].

There have been attacks by numerous corporations to censor freedom of speech.  Places like Facebook, Twitter and Google have been working to create an online community that is politically correct and bland.  This not only prevents people from voicing the most sensitive subjects but also reduces the capacity for the market of ideas.  Subjects that are sensitive are being prevented from spreading as is the case when companies such as Reddit .. ban … postings ….  [and] Facebook [deletes] conservative news stories from its newsfeed[4].”  Although rhetoric allows people to come together through an ideal of inclusiveness, popular sovereignty and collective unity supporting democracy, it however prevents people from getting the full picture and drawing conclusions themselves by critical thinking.  Through the limiting of freedom of speech, communication is prevented which then reduces the amount of information to be dissected by the general populace which therefore affects the size of the market of ideas.  This decrease in the market of ideas can have irreparable damage to the innovation that is produced in the USA.  It only serves to remove America as the hegemon.  Not only are free speech violations affected in the ways mentioned, but it is a form of oppression by which a stranglehold can be ascertained through exploitation.  There are numerous examples of this in the modern world and it serves as a warning that there is a very real threat to justice, rule of law, and liberty.  It is evident that this will persist.  Censorship causes a society wherein people neglect to voice their opinion.  They do this for example because they don’t want to be labeled.  Society through labelling collectively pools the agency of the people to publicly humiliate or discredit people.  Through outlets such as this, fear is generated.  And this can and has been exploited.  There is a poem written by Martin Niemöller entitled, “First they Came.”  It portrays the effects of the negligence of not speaking up which served to protect the communist regimes of WWII.  It talks about how the enemy first came for Socialist, and how the narrator didn’t speak up because he was not a socialist.  Then they come for unionist and then the Jews.  Again, the narrator doesn’t speak up because he did not identify with those.  It then ends with, “then they came for me- and there was no one left to speak up for me[5].”  This example adequately depicts the consequences of inhibiting freedom of speech.  This consequence can be seen in the modern nations of countries such as China, North Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia etc.  People in these nations are afraid to speak up.  This has severely impacted the delivery of equity in those places and subsequently the people have become oppressed.  With all this in mind however, the other side of the coin is to encourage civility.  America today especially in their political discourse has become radicalized.  The delivery of their rhetoric as evidence of the presidential debates between President Trump and President Elect Joe Biden reveal the very nature of the erosion of civility.  Also there have been accusations of articles or statements being labeled as, “fake news.”  It seems as though the issue of misinformation is also of concern however, what results from this is the ability for people to better critically dissect and use their judgement to gauge true from false.  Through the internal deliberation, analytical thinking skills are enhanced which can then contribute to the progression of innovation.   Therefore, in this modern age, America is left with the option to choose inclusiveness, popular sovereignty and collective unity all proponents of democracy versus freedom of speech?  In this decision are Americans willing to forego justice, rule of law, and liberty in favor of democracy?



[1] Gitelson et al., “American Government,” Oxford University Press (2018)

[2] Gitelson et al., “American Government,” Oxford University Press (2018)

[3] HG Legal Resources, “What Types of Speech is Not Protected by the First Amendment?,” HG (2020).  Retrieved from:  https://www.hg.org/legal-articles/what-type-of-speech-is-not-protected-by-the-first-amendment-34258

[4] Robert Epstein, “The New Censorship,” USA News (2016).  Retrieved from:  https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2016-06-22/google-is-the-worlds-biggest-censor-and-its-power-must-be-regulated

[5] Authors:  United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington DC, “Martin Nielmoller:  “First they Came for the Socialist,”” (2012).  Retrieved from:  https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/martin-niemoeller-first-they-came-for-the-socialists

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