Sunday, 27 December 2020

SOCIAL: PROPOSED POLICY CHANGES/ EMPLOYMENT INCOME CAPP

 

SUBJECT:  EMPLOYMENT INCOME CAPP

PURPOSE:  This briefing note is a recommendation for changes in policy pertaining to employment income.

ISSUE:  There is not enough regulation for the limitations on income gained from employment.

Background:

The purpose of employment is primarily to gain cash capital.  Cash capital can be defined as surplus monies or liquid assets which can be used for expenditures.  Having cash capital allows people to make their own business, invest or make personal expenses.  The objective of investment is really to reduce the strain or effort people use to generate income.  Being financially literate is going to become an imperative skill in the next few years.  Having a business on the other hand, allows individuals to manage their own operation.  By managing such operation. People can ascertain self sufficiency.  This is the common factor here whether one has employment, investments or is in business.  These people relying on employment have been socialized to the point that perhaps they feel they do not have other options.  This is not the case, citizens in Canada have a plethora of options available to them.  The reason people have been relying on employment as their main source of income is because the value that it is placed in it with consideration of the historical class conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.  Unions have worked hard to protect the perceived value of employment and this has transcended cultural boundaries such that it has expanded globally from the UK.  Since the industrial revolution, it was discovered that those selling their labor were being exploited.  This caused massive backlash causing unions to place great value on employment.  Even before this however, during the French Revolution, the proletariat caused massive uproar resulting from unfair living conditions.  In Japan however, there was a massive revolt against the Shogun for rationing and prioritizing people higher in the social hierarchy.  These tribulations have caused the world to place a high value on employment so much so that it became peoples go to for their income.  In extreme cases, it is their only source of income.  As it becomes evident we have encountered so far the labor economy, the employment economy and the business economy.  Now that Canada has ensured equity for its citizens, it is now time to bring about the investment economy.

Secondly, employment is used to retain competency.  Further, having multiple jobs allows employees to implement refined techniques which essentially build skill.  Various tasks are accomplished in different ways as one enters different work sites.  Employers cater these tasks accordingly to their operation as they seek to improve efficiency.  By improving efficiency money can be saved.  Increased output is also the result of increasing efficiency.   One such way increased efficiency can also be achieved is through technology.  In short, through having a job, a person can continue to maintain their professional competency.    

Automation is a problem the community will face in the next few years.  Artificial intelligence and automation lack the ability to do three things which humans have the upper hand.  Firstly, they lack creativity.  They are therefore unable to or have difficulty doing things that are done that require art or design etc. This can cause people to find jobs in these sectors.   Second complex perceptual thinking.  Which means that these machines lack the ability to perceive events, a trait in humans that are highly developed.  Third and lastly these machines lack the ability to be able to display complex emotions.  Feelings such as empathy cannot be replicated therefore these machines are not yet capable of sharing feelings as empathy or even interpret emotion.  As employers seek to increase efficiency in the work place, they will be more reliant on automation to replace their employees.  There was a study wherein 702 occupations were assessed for how they are affected by automation, it found that 47% of the workforce will be subject to computerization.

Considerations:

There is a major problem in our contemporary society, where new graduates are unable to find employment.  This is going to become a huge issue as more and more students graduate.  Statistics show however that the certain universities have been experiencing reduced matriculation.  Matriculation is the process whereby prospective students apply for college and university.  College enrollment in the US has decreased for the eighth consecutive year according to the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center.  This could very well benefit graduates.  Further according to Georgetown University Center, they predicted that by 2020, 63% of all jobs would need some education beyond high school education.  According to the latest data however, 70% of workers were in such jobs as of 2018.  In 2010 it was 59%.  This could also benefit hopeful graduates.  But what is alarming is that 41% of recent college grads work in jobs not requiring a degree while 33.8% of all college grads are underemployed.  In December 2019 the unemployment rate for people aged 22 to 27 with a bachelor’s degree was higher at 3.9% exceeding the unemployment rate for all workers aged 16 to 65 at 3.6% according to data obtained from the Federal Reserve Bank.  What is evident here is that these grads have limited opportunity as they have not found jobs related to their educational accomplishments.  Along with automation and reduced employment opportunities for graduates we can very well see a bleak future for these grads.  We therefore propose, the government intervene in that these grads job share with senior employees where then employment income capps are then placed which will determine when these graduates will assume roles for the remainder of the year.  The main stakeholders for this matter are the government, employers and employees. 

Options: 

Option 1:  Job sharing and promote moonlighting.

This is not feasible.  Massive uproar would occur.  Further, amendments to the Labor Standards Act would be difficult to pass in parliament.  However, the government may have no other option as automation is likely to decimate the job market.  Further, this would cause new grads to become more likely unemployed.  Thus, it becomes necessary to safeguard employment by implementing job sharing programs.  Through job sharing, skills found in certain work places can be refined causing greater efficiency therefore benefiting employers.  Moon lighting is a concept where people work multiple jobs.  Through moonlighting employees can have the opportunity to observe different styles of employment related to their profession.  By sharing skills standards can be increased.  Through job sharing and moon lighting, the government ensures that citizens especially those having a difficult time finding employment and with consideration of their ascertained educational achievement, receive equity. This option is also very considerate of equality as people are to be treated in the same manner as they go out into the work force.  This is a very sustainable option as it is projected that automation is going to shrink the available job market.  By adding job sharing and moonlighting, employers can share transferable skills through their employees and in turn this would increase efficiency.

 

Option 2:  Capp on employment income on primary job while encouraging secondary jobs and other revenue generating activity.

Through mandating job sharing and placing income capps only on employment this could allow people to invest or start their own business.  By investing private industries can be given the cash reserves to innovate causing excitement in industry.  Through starting businesses, a more competitive landscape could be found which would result in the generating of new ideas and concepts.  However, implementing income capps could be seen as an incremental step to limiting the wealth of people and it is likely that people would severely push back.  The government must therefore, create legislation to justify this and guarantee that capps wont be implemented for other channels of income such in investment or business.  Further legislation should reflect the limitation of income on the primary jobs and if the second job reaches said cap, another job must then be considered and etc.  Medical workers are a main source of knowledge on the matter of multiple jobs.  These people gain experience from one place and use it in others.  These transferable skills could greatly benefit employees and employers as they find ways to improve the work place.  This option is the most equitable solution as it increases the ability for unemployed people to find jobs via job sharing programs.  This also ensures that people can generate income through alternate avenues as is the case with investment and or business.  People wont be limited to the limiting belief that their only option is employment.  By selecting this option, people can rest assured that they are being treated equally. Each person will be taxed the same amounts and as according to the legislation.  The government should retain the current method of taxation of these income via administering it as according to the Income Tax Act.  By not changing the brackets, the government can assure people that they are looking at the best interest of the country with consideration of their citizens.  This is a very sustainable option as job sharing programs would ensure that people would be employed and also taxed accordingly.

Option 3:  Education on financial literacy.

In order to implement employment income capps and job sharing/ moon lighting programs, it is first necessary to socialize people.  Socializing people requires a lot of patience.  It is a long tedious process that takes time.  Administering a financial course in high school programs could be a good start.  However, those not in high school should also be educated.  Employers or banks should have programs to educate people about financial literacy.  These employers should get tax breaks from the government.  This option is the practical first step and it is going to make or break people.  By socializing people about financial literacy it could be the determining point of whether he or she experiences a life of comfort or dispair.  It then becomes important to administer this accordingly.  This option is very equitable as it will allow the citizen to generate income other than from employment.  This is also considerate of equality as citizens would be receiving the course as according to government provisions.  Lastly, this option is very sustainable as it serves not only to protect the people, but the industry and the country thereafter.

Option 4:  Status quo and research.

This option is the most feasible but it really does a disservice to the citizen and the country.  By doing nothing, it is likely that automation would continue to decimate employment.  This would result in an inefficient economy.  This would also bring about a workforce that is not prepared to be resilient in the face of hardship.  Transferable skills wont be shared therefore employers wont learn from one another.  This option is not very equitable as people will continue to find difficulty ascertaining employment.  Although not equitable, this option still at least treats individuals with equality as the methods of handling employment will remain unchanged.

Recommendation:

Option three is recommended.

 

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